Landscape transformation by anthropic pressure: classification by satellite images and multicriterial analysis

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The study presents an application study of methods and techniques of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in mapping and analysis of urban and environmental aspects in Ribeirão das Neves and Santana do Riacho-MG. They are spaces with quite different spatial conformations, both have in common are in the area of influence the expansion of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, while presenting different challenges related to singularities of the interface between human occupation and the need to preserve environmental landscape. The methodology was based on the application of GIS to construct a database resulting from interpretation of satellite images with temporal variation, construction of digital terrain model and other thematic maps, like the risks of occupation according to geology characteristics. There were also elaborated maps identifying areas of permanent preservation, with the representation of hilltops, slopes above 30%, and tracks domains the watercourses. The crossing of this information is made by multi-criteria analysis to identify areas of higher landscape value and priority in preservation, as well as identifying the potential areas of urban expansion. The result is a picture of the evolution of human occupation in the area, as well as to characterize the suitability of this occupation, as seen to support decision-making through action planning, preservation and management. The choice of two case studies aimed to prove the applicability of the methodology. We aim to encourage studies of urban and environmental planning and management with the exploiting the capabilities of GIS.